Dietary Management
Ernährung und Allergie
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Dietary Management |
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Ernährung und Allergie |
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Abstract
Type 1 allergy to hazelnut is highly associated to pollen allergens
from trees of the order Fagales (birch, alder, hazel, hornbeam, and oak).
Prevalence of hazelnut hypersensitivity in tree pollen allergic patients
ranges from about 70 to 90%. Allergic reactions to tree nuts are often
severe, including anaphylactic reactions occurring after accidental ingestion.
Hazelnut is responsible for about 13% of acute allergic reactions in tree
nut sensitive patients. Frequency of hazelnut allergy is higher in adults
than in children. Predictive values of skin tests and specific IgE are
relatively low. Detailed information on prevalence, symptoms, and diagnostic
features of hazelnut allergy as well as cross-reactivities, molecular biological
and allergenic properties of the major hazelnut and hazel pollen allergens
are reviewed in tabular form. The major hazel pollen allergen (Cor a 1)
as well as the major hazelnut 18-kDa allergen are cross- reactive to Bet
v 1 from birch pollen. A 14-kDa hazelnut allergen cross- reacts with birch
profilin (Bet v 2). Moreover, several heat stable hazelnut allergens have
been identified which are independent of birch pollen. Hazelnut is a common
ingredient in processed foods, mainly in confectionery products. Hazelnut
oils which are not fully refined may potentially be a threat for nut allergic
individuals.
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