It is difficult to do an estimation of prevalence of peach allergy due to differences in study populations (latex allergy, pollen allergy, food allergy, fruit allergy, etc.), differences in dietary habits or geographical areas (northen or southern Europe) or differences in diagnostic procedures. Prevalence data are based on different diagnostic procedures. While the prevalence of sensitization can be estimated by SPT, RAST, and immunoblot, a clinical relevant sensitization (allergy) is evaluated by convincing history or food challenge tests (ideally by DBPCFC).
1.1 General Population
| Country / Subjects | Allergy / Sensitization | References |
| Spain, Basque Country
2216 randomly selected subjects, age of 10-40 years (study period 1992-93) |
Pollen 11%
Rosaceae fruits and/or nuts 1% (questionnaire) |
Azpiri et al. 1999 |
1.2 Subjects with Atopic or Other Diseases
| Country / Subjects | Allergy / Sensitization | References | ||||||||||||
| France, Paris
a) 24 patients with latex and pollen allergy b) 20 patients with latex allergy (no pollen allergy) c) 25 patients with pollen allergy (no latex allergy) |
|
Levy et al. 2000 | ||||||||||||
| Germany
136 latex allergic patients |
peach 13% (RAST)
peach 9% (self-reported) |
Brehler et al. 1997 | ||||||||||||
| Italy, Ferrara
169 grass pollen allergic patients (age of 9-54 years, mean 27.9) |
peach 3.6% (SPT)
peach 2.4% (MAST) peach 3.0% (clinical history) |
Boccafogli et al. 1994 | ||||||||||||
| Italy, Genoa
132 pollen and food sensitive patients |
peach 29% (self-reported) | Troise et al. 1992 | ||||||||||||
| Italy, Milan
262 fruit and/or vegetable allergic patients |
peach 40% (clinical history) | Ortolani et al. 1988 | ||||||||||||
| Italy, Milan
100 fruit and/or vegetable allergic patients |
peach 30% (clinical history) | Ortolani et al. 1989 | ||||||||||||
| Italy, Milan
202 with chronic urticaria and suspected food allergy |
peach 2.0% (DBPCFC) | Pigatto & Valsecchi 2000 | ||||||||||||
| Israel, Tel-Aviv
112 patients with food allergy (onset after 10 years of age) |
peach 80% (SPT, n=108)
peach 75% (food challenge, n=71) |
Kivity et al. 1994 | ||||||||||||
| Netherlands, Rotterdam
79 tree-pollen allergic patients |
peach 77%, 17%, and 29%
(SPT, RAST, and case history) |
de Groot et al. 1996 | ||||||||||||
| Spain, Madrid
355 food allergic children (study period 1989-91) |
peach 8.7% (SPT, RAST) | Crespo et al. 1995 | ||||||||||||
| Spain, Madrid
29 plant-derived food allergic patients |
peach 45% (SPT) | Diez-Gomez et al. 1999 | ||||||||||||
| Spain, Madrid
95 pollen allergic patients |
peach 26% (skin test)
peach 12% (oral challenge test) |
Cuesta-Herranz et al. 2000 | ||||||||||||
| Spain, Salamanca
57 fruit allergic patients (age of 6-56 years, mean 21.5) |
peach 32% (clinical history) | Garcia Ortiz et al. 1998 | ||||||||||||
| Sweden, Halmstad / Malmö
a) 380 birch pollen allergic patients b) 103 patients without birch pollen allergy |
a) peach 34%
b) peach 5% (questionnaire) |
Eriksson et al. 1982 | ||||||||||||
| Switzerland, Vaudois
111 patients with pollen- associated food allergy |
peach 55% (RAST) | Bircher et al. 1994 | ||||||||||||
| Switzerland, Zurich
402 food allergic adults |
peach 1% (clinical history, diagnostic tests) | Wüthrich 1993 | ||||||||||||
| Switzerland, Zurich
383 food allergic patients (study period 1990-94) |
peach 10% (clinical history, diagnostic tests) | Etesamifar & Wüthrich 1998 | ||||||||||||
| UK, Manchester
90 patients expierenced anaphylactic reactions to foods (study period 1994-1996) |
peach 1% (suspected cause of patients' worst reaction) | Pumphrey & Stanworth 1996 | ||||||||||||
| USA, Boston, MA
279 adults with exercise- induced anaphylaxis (study period 1980-98) |
peach 5%
(reported trigger) |
Shadick et al. 1999 | ||||||||||||
| USA, Long Beach, CA
137 patients with latex allergy |
peach 4% (convincing history of possible IgE mediated symptoms occurring within 60 minutes of ingestion) | Kim & Hussain 1999 | ||||||||||||
| USA, Memphis, TN
89 patients with food- induced anaphylaxis (age of 12-75 years, study period 1978-92) |
almond or peach 5.6% | Kemp et al. 1995 |
1.3 Prevalence of Associated Allergies
| Country / Subjects | Sensitization / Allergy | References | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| France, Italy, Netherlands
37 patients with Rosaceae allergy and positive SPT to lipid-transfer protein enriched extracts (plum / peach peel) |
|
Asero et al. 2000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Italy, Milan
19 challenge positive peach allergic patients |
apricot 32%
cherry 53% plum 42% (open oral food challenge) birch pollen 37% grass pollen 68% (clinical history) |
Pastorello et al. 1994 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spain, Madrid and Toledo
16 peach allergic patients |
apple 81%
pear 56% (clincal history) |
van Ree et al. 1995 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spain, Madrid and Toledo
Patients with allergy to Rosaceae fruits a) 11 without pollinosis (mean age 26 years) b) 22 with associated pollinosis (mean age 22 years) |
|
Fernandez-Rivas et al. 1997 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spain, Madrid
70 peach allergic patients |
pollen 81%
mites, cat, dog, fungi 36% (SPT) |
Cuesta-Herranz et al. 1998a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spain, Madrid
a) 57 peach and pollen allergic patients b) 95 pollen allergic patients (control) |
|
Cuesta-Herranz et al. 1999 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spain, Madrid
a) 28 patients with positive SPT and/or specific IgE to one or more fruits of the Rosaceae family b) 22 patients of a) with confirmed allergy |
|
Rodríguez et al. 2000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spain, Salamanca
18 peach allergic patients |
latex 94% (SPT and/or RAST)
latex 18% (clinical history) |
Garcia Ortiz et al. 1998 |
| Symptoms & Case Reports | References | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| systemic reactions
anaphylaxis (4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19), exercise-induced anaphylaxis (17), hypotension (12) cutaneous symptoms
gastrointestinal symptoms
respiratory symptoms
* symptoms, which could be involved in oral allergy syndrome: local symptoms as intra-oral and lip-irritation, angioedema and systemic symptoms as rhino-conjunctivitis, urticaria-angioedema, asthma, and anaphylaxis (4) |
(1) Lombardi et al. 1983
(2) Tsukioka et al. 1985 (3) Malet et al. 1988 (4) Ortolani et al. 1988 (5) Ortolani et al. 1989 (6) Guillet & Guillet 1993 (7) Kivity et al. 1994 (8) Pastorello et al. 1994 (9) van Ree et al. 1995 (10) Weiss & Halsey 1996 (11) Fernandez-Rivas et al. 1997 (12) Cuesta-Herranz et al. 1998a, 1998b (13) Garcia Ortiz et al. 1998 (14) Fernandez-Rivas & Cuevas 1999 (15) Pastorello et al. 1999 (16) Sánchez-Monge et al. 1999 (17) Shadick et al. 1999 (18) Asero et al. 2000 (19) Rodríguez et al. 2000 |
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Percentage of Reactions
(2) peach allergic patients with pollen allergy (3) peach allergic patients without related pollinosis (4) peach allergic patients: * 54% systemic symptoms in non- pollen allergic patients; percentage of asthma in peach and pollen allergic patients (73%) higher than in pollen allergic patients without peach allergy (48%) (5) peach allergic patients (DBPCFC or convincing episode of anaphylaxis) |
(1) Ortolani et al. 1988
(2) van Ree et al. 1995 (3) Fernandez-Rivas et al. 1997 (4) Cuesta-Herranz et al. 1998a (5) Rodríguez et al. 2000 |
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| Onset of Symptoms
Onset of symptoms within 1 h after ingestion (10 peach allergic patients) (1) Immediate onset of local symptoms (oral allergy syndrome, contact urticaria), onset of systemic symptoms within 30 min (2) |
(1) Fernandez-Rivas et al.
1997
(2) Cuesta-Herranz et al. 1998a |
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| Age at Onset of Peach Allergy
Age at onset ranged from 1 to 28 years (mean 12 +/- 7 years) in 70 peach allergic patients (4 to 43 years of age) (1) |
(1) Cuesta-Herranz et al. 1998a | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Threshold for Elicitation of Symptoms
Quantities of <10 mg of peach induced allergic symptoms in 66% of 65 peach allergic patients with positive SPT, in 9% symptoms were induced only after eating a whole peach (blinded / open challenge) (1) Amounts of 4 g to 8 g peach (estimated protein dose: 32 - 64 mg) induced objective symptoms in the majority of 21 peach allergic patients, all patients reported subjective symptoms after ingestion of 500 mg (open challenge) (2) |
(1) Kivity et al. 1994
(2) Pastorello et al. 1994 |
3 Diagnostic Features of Peach Allergy
| Parameters / Subjects | Outcome | References | ||||||||||||
| Gender of Patients
(1) 33 peach allergic patients (>14 years of age) (2) 70 peach allergic patients (4 to 43 years of age) (3) 15 peach allergic patients (17 to 52 years of age) |
(1) 55% of patients without associated pollinosis were
male, and 50% of patients with associated pollinosis were male and female,
respectively
(2) 51% female and 49% male, 69% of peach and non- pollen allergic patients were female (3) 80% of patients were female |
(1) Fernandez-Rivas et al.
1997
(2) Cuesta-Herranz et al. 1998a (3) Pastorello et al. 1999 |
||||||||||||
| Primary Sensitization
(pollen)
57 peach and pollen allergic patients |
Primary allergy to pollen in 49%, to peach in 35%, and to peach and pollen (onset in the same year) in 16% | Cuesta-Herranz et al. 1998a | ||||||||||||
| Primary Sensitization
(latex)
57 fruit allergic patients |
In all patients, clinical symptoms of fruit allergy preceded latex allergy, fruits mostly associated to latex sensitization: melon, peach, and banana | Garcia Ortiz et al. 1998 | ||||||||||||
| Histamine Release (HR)
40 birch pollen-allergic patients a) with and b) without fruit allergy |
Dose-dependent HR in both groups:
apple peel = apple pulp > peach = cherry (to significant higher extent of HR in b) significant increase of basophil sensitivity to birch pollen in group b) |
Kleine-Tebbe et al. 1992 | ||||||||||||
| IgE and Clinical Relevance
12 latex allergic patients with self-reported peach intolerance |
Peach specific IgE (RAST):
Sensitivity 8.3% Specificity 87% |
Brehler et al. 1997 | ||||||||||||
| SPT, IgE, HR and Clinical Relevance
25 peach allergic patients |
Concordance between clinical history and
a) skin tests 78% b) RAST 82% c) histamine release 74% Concordance between skin tests and a) RAST 82% b) histamine release 88% |
Malet et al. 1988 | ||||||||||||
| SPT, IgE and Clinical Relevance
peach allergic patients |
Positivity in SPT:
a) Fresh food 86% (n=76) b) Commercial extract 11% (n=91) Positivity in RAST: 59% (n=32) |
Ortolani et al. 1988 | ||||||||||||
| SPT, Fresh Food and Commercial Extracts
22 patients with clinical history of peach allergy |
Positivity in SPT:
Fresh food (prick-to-prick test) 59% Commercial extract 14% |
Ortolani et al. 1989 | ||||||||||||
| SPT and Clinical Relevance
79 patients with tree pollinosis |
Concordance between SPT and clinical history of peach allergy in 52% | de Groot et al. 1996 | ||||||||||||
| Oral Challenge and Clinical Relevance
23 peach allergic patients |
Concordance between clinical history and oral food challenge in 83%, while RAST and SPT to peach were all positive | Pastorello et al. 1994 | ||||||||||||
| SPT, IgE, and DBPCFC
34 patients with suspected allergy to fruits of the Rosaceae family |
|
Rodríguez et al. 2000 | ||||||||||||
| Use Test, Contact Urticaria
5 patients who reported contact urticaria to peach |
Use test: patients were asked to handle the fruit for 5 minutes and they were observed for the following 60 minutes. The use test was positive in all 5 patients | Fernandez-Rivas et al. 1997 | ||||||||||||
| Rub Test, Contact Urticaria
10 peach allergic patients without oral allergy syndrome |
Diagnosis of contact urticaria in patients with negative open oral challenge by rubbing with peach on patient's forearm for 30 s, examination after 15 min | Cuesta-Herranz et al. 1998a | ||||||||||||
| Prick-to-Prick, SPT, Extracts
70 peach allergic patients 195 control subjects (pollen allergic and non atopic subjects) |
Sensitivity of prick-to-prick test
with fresh peach and SPT:
a) fresh peach (prick-to-prick test) 100% b) 1 commercial extrat 74% c) 3 commercial extracts 4.3-13% d) peach peel extract 100%* * with standardized food biologic activity (according to prick-to-prick test reference with fresh peach) |
Cuesta-Herranz et al. 1998b | ||||||||||||
| SPT, Commercial Extracts, Stable Allergens
298 patients with OAS after eating of fruits (Rosaceae) and /or nuts |
7 positive reactions to commercial peach extract (SPT) in 133 peach allergic patients from which 22 were positive to commercial plum extract | Asero 1999 |
| Treatment * | Outcome | References | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Tree Pollen Immunotherapy
72 children with birch pollinosis (age of 6-16 years), prevalence of adverse reactions to peach before immunotherapy 46% I. subcutaneous immunotherapy for 3 years with a) birch pollen preparation or b) a mixture of birch, alder, and hazel pollen II. oral immunotherapy for 10 months with c) birch pollen preparation or d) placebo capsules |
Assessment of food allergy after treatment (self-reported):
|
Möller 1989 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Desensitization
1 peach allergic patient |
A diluted food extract followed by increased pure food was administered following a standardized protocol, at the beginning pretreatment with oral sodium cromoglycate, length of therapy 3-7 months, after therapy peach was tolerated (maintenance dose: eating peach approximately twice a week) | Nucera et al. 2000 |
| Proteins / Glycoproteins | Allergen Nomenclature | References |
| Lipid-transfer Protein [9 kDa] | Pru p 3 | Pastorello et al. 1999, Sánchez-Monge et al. 1999 |
| Peach Profilin [10-14 kDa] | van Ree et al. 1992, 1995 | |
| Major Allergen: 8-10 kDa
Minor Allergens: 40-43, 58, 66, and 70 kDa |
Lleonart et al. 1992 | |
| Allergens: 13, 14, 17, 20, 48, 50, and 70 kDa | Pastorello et al. 1994 |
6.1 Sensitization to Peach Allergens
| Country / Subjects | Sensitization to | References | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Italy, Netherlands
29 patients with Rosaceae allergy and positive SPT to lipid-transfer protein enriched extracts (plum / peach peel) |
9-kDa allergen (Pru p 3) in 72%
(RAST) |
Asero et al. 2000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Italy, Milan
21 peach allergic patients a) 14 with birch pollen sensitivity b) 7 without birch pollen sensitivity |
(SDS-PAGE / immunoblot) |
Pastorello et al. 1994 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spain, Madrid
16 peach allergic patients with grass pollinosis |
Profilin from ryegrass: 75%
(RAST) |
van Ree et al. 1995 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spain, Madrid
10 apple and peach allergic patients |
Pru p 3 in 100 % (SDS-PAGE / immunoblot) | Sánchez-Monge et al. 1999 |
6.2 Properties of Lipid-transfer Protein (Pru p 3)
| Extract / Purified Allergens | Methods | References |
| Protein extract from pulp and peel | Either skin or pulp crushed at 4°C in Tris-HCl pH 7 (containing NaCl and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride*) followed by filtration, centrifugation, dialysis, sterile filtration, and freezing | Lleonart et al. 1992 |
| Protein extract from peels | Homogenization and extraction of peels in potassium phosphate buffer pH 7 (containing polyvinylpyrrolidone, EDTA, diethyldithiocarbamic acid, and sodium azide), centrifugation and dialysis (1, 2, 3) followed by sterilization filtration and freeze drying (2) | (1) Pastorello et al. 1994
(2) Cuesta-Herranz et al. 1998b (3) Fernandez-Rivas & Cuevas 1999 |
| Fractionated extracts from peel and pulp | Enhanced protein contents of crude extracts from peach, apple and pear obtained by anion- exchange chromatography (Q-Sepharose column) | Martínez et al. 1997 |
| 9-kDa allergen (Pru p 3) | Isolation and purification from fresh peach peel extract by cation exchange chromatography (Resource S column) with sodium acetate buffer (pH 5) applying salt gradient, followed by SEC (Superdex 75 column) with sodium acetate / sodium chloride buffer (pH 5) | Pastorello et al. 1999 |
| 9-kDa allergen (Pru p 3) | Defatting crude peach extract, fractionation and isolation of Pru p 3 by RP-HPLC | Sánchez-Monge et al. 1999 |
| 9-kDa allergen (Pru p 3) | Gel permeation chromatography (Superdex 75) of crude peach peel extract with PBS buffer, fractions containing exclusively Pru p 3 were pooled and dialyzed | Asero et al. 2000 |
| Cross-Reacting Allergens | Subjects / Methods | References |
| Peach: (peels, pulps)
peach peels and pulps |
Peach allergic patients: High cross- reactivity between peels and pulps, allergenic potencies: peels > pulps (RAST inhibition) | Fernandez-Rivas & Cuevas 1999 |
| Peach: (fruits)
significant associations to: apricot, cherry, and plum* |
262 fruit and/or vegetable allergic patients
(clinical history, SPT, RAST) |
Ortolani et al. 1988 |
| Peach: (fruits, pollen)
apricot, cherry, and plum and birch and grass pollen |
3 peach allergic patients: partial / complete inhibition of IgE binding to peach allergens by apricot, cherry and plum extracts, inhibition of 14 kDa peach allergen and no inhibition of 13 kDa allergen by birch and grass pollen (immunoblot inhibition) | Pastorello et al. 1994 |
| Peach: (fruits, pollen)
a) apple, pear, mugwort pollen b) ryegrass profilin * |
a) Patients allergic to Rosaceae fruits:
Allergenic potencies: peach > apple > pear; Cross reactivity with mugwort pollen, but not with birch or ryegrass pollen (RAST inhibition) b) Cross-reactivity in patients with fruit and pollen allergy, no cross-reactivity to profilin in peach allergic patients without pollinosis (RAST, histamine release)* |
Fernandez-Rivas et al. 1997 |
| Peach: (fruits)
apricot (9 kDa allergen), Pru p 3 |
10 patients with apricot and peach allergy (pooled serum): complete inhibition of IgE binding to 9 kDa apricot allergen by Pru p 3 (immunoblot inhibition) | Pastorello et al. 2000 |
| Peach: (fruits, nuts,
cereals)
apple, walnut, hazelnut, peanut, maize, and rice extracts, Pru p 3 |
21 patients with Rosaceae allergy and positive SPT to peach peel extract: mean percentage of inhibition of IgE binding to Pru p 3 by apple 74%, walnut 57%, hazelnut 51%, peanut 71%, maize 71%, and rice 67% (EAST inhibition) | Asero et al. 2000 |
| Peach: (vegetables)
carrot (recombinant lipid-transfer protein), Pru p 3 |
1 patient: up to appr. 85% inhibition of IgE binding to natural Pru p 3 by recombinant lipid-transfer protein from carrot (RAST inhibition) | Asero et al. 2000 |
| Peach: (pollen)
birch pollen * |
Correlation between birch pollen allergy and peach hypersensitivity (1129 adults with bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhinitis, questionaire) | Eriksson 1978 |
| Peach: (pollen)
a) grass pollen (Lolium perenne) b) profilin (Lolium perenne) c) carbohydrate moieties (Lolium perenne) |
a) 75% average inhibition of IgE binding to peach extract
by grass pollen (Lolium perenne) in 10 of 11 patients (RAST inhibition)
b) 28% decrease of IgE binding to peach extract from anti-profilin- IgE-depleted serum (RAST) c) >40% inhibition of IgE binding to peach extract by carbohydrate moieties in 1 patient (proteinase K digested grass pollen extract, RAST inhibition) |
van Ree et al. 1995 |
| Peach: (pollen)
grass, tree, and weed pollen |
a) Maximal inhibition of IgE binding to peach peel allergens
by Artemisia 68%, Corylus 57%, Phleum 57%, Betula
55%,
and Prunus 41% (peach 80%) (RAST inhibition)
b) Inhibition of IgE binding by peach extract to pollen allergens: Artemisia vulgaris (16-27 kDa, 41-106 kDa), Betula alba (16-96 kDa), Corylus avellana (16-22 kDa, 98-132 kDa), and P. amygdalus (17-143 kDa) (immunoblot inhibition) |
Cuesta-Herranz et al. 1999 |
| Peach: (pollen)
birch pollen allergen 35 kDa and Bet v 1 |
2 Sera from birch pollen allergic patients reactive to 35 kDa allergen: 86% and 67% inhibition of IgE binding to peach extract by birch pollen extract, 68% and 58% by 35 kDa birch allergen, and 22% and 20% by Bet v 1 from birch pollen (EAST inhibition) | Wellhausen et al. 1996 |
| Peach: (pollen)
birch pollen, rBet v 1, rBet v 2 (profilin), timothy grass pollen extract; 21 patients with clinical relevant allergy to pollen and plant-derived food |
Mixture of rBet v 1 and rBet v 2 inhibited IgE-binding
to 10-14 kDa (profilin related) and 17-21 kDa (Bet v 1 related) peach allergens,
timothy grass pollen inhibited IgE-binding to 10-14 kDa and 30-100 kDa
allergens from peach (immunoblot inhibition);
60% (18-100%) inhibition of IgE-binding to peach extractby a mixture of rBet v 1 and rBet v 2 and 100% by a mixture of rBet v1, rBet v 2, and timothy pollen extract (4 sera) (RAST inhibition) |
Kazemi-Shirazi et al. 2000 |
| Peach: (pollen)
birch pollen, Bet v 1* |
90 sera with specific IgE against Bet v 1 (>1 IU/ml) and without significant levels of IgE against Bet v 2 (profilin): Specific IgE (>0.5 IU/ml) to apple in 64%, cherry 33%, peach 27%, and pear 16%; all sera with IgE against cherry, peach, or pear had specific IgE against apple (RAST) | van Ree et al. 2000 |
| Peach: (latex)
latex |
1 latex sensitized patient with allergy to stone fruits: inhibition of IgE binding by peach extract to latex allergens (RAST inhibition) | Weiss & Halsey 1996 |
| Peach: (latex)
latex |
5 latex allergic patients with peach sensitivity: 50-100% (mean 90%) inhibition of IgE binding to peach allergens by latex extract (RAST inhibition) | Brehler et al. 1997 |
9 Stability of Peach Allergens and Food
Processing
| Treatment | Effects | References |
| Peach Juice / Nectar
(heat)
heat treatment at 121°C for 10 and 30 min |
No change in allergenicity of major peach allergen (SDS-PAGE immunoblot) | Brenna et al. 2000 |
| Peach Juice / Nectar
(enzymatic hydrolysis)
treatment with 2 different acidic proteinases |
Detection of major peach allergen even after 60 min of reaction time (SDS-PAGE immunoblot) | Brenna et al. 2000 |
| Peach Extract (enzymatic
hydrolysis)
pepsin treatment (pH 2, up to 1 h) |
a) Detection with a serum reactive
to Bet v 1 - related structures in peach: almost complete loss of IgE-
reactivity within seconds of digestion (RAST); loss of inhibitory potency
after 1 h of pepsin digestion (RAST inhibition)
b) Detection with a serum not reactive to birch pollen related peach allergens: IgE- reactivity resistant to digestion for 1 h (RAST); unchanged inhibitory potency after 1 h of pepsin digestion (RAST inhibition) |
Asero et al. 2000
van Ree et al. 2000 |
| Peach (lye peeling)
chemical lye peeling of fruits |
Decrease of major peach allergen (SDS-PAGE immunoblot) | Brenna et al. 2000 |
| Peach Juice (ultrafiltration)
ultrafiltration of juice (cutoff membranes) |
Decrease of major peach allergen (SDS-PAGE immunoblot) | Brenna et al. 2000 |
| Reported Adverse Reactions | References |
| Food / Food additives
After ingestion of fresh fruits (1) |
(1) see 2 Symptoms of Peach Allergy |
| Peel vs. Pulp
86% reactive to open oral challenge with unpeeled peach (n=70), 68% reactive to peeled peach (pulp) (n=56) (peach allergic patients) |
Cuesta-Herranz et al. 1998a |
| Peel vs. Pulp
Higher frequency of reactions to peach peels and pulp than to pulp only (peach allergic patients) |
Fernandez-Rivas & Cuevas 1999 |
| Fresh Fruit (canned peach
tolerance)
Anaphylactic reactions to fresh peach in a 32 year old woman with tolerance to canned peach products |
Weiss & Halsey 1996 |
| Canned Products
Symptoms to peach juice in 37%, to peach in syrup in 28%, and to peach jam in 24% of 57 peach allergic patients (questionnaire), symptoms to peach juice more frequent in pulp allergic patients (50%) than in non-pulp allergic patients (6%) (pulp challenge, SPT) |
Cuesta-Herranz et al. 1998a |
| Allergens in Peach Products | Results | References | |||||||||||||||
| Fruit, Pulp, and Skin
Allergenicity in 102 patients with allergy to dried fruits (in 48% clinical history of peach allergy) |
|
Amat Par et al. 1990 | |||||||||||||||
| Peel vs. Pulp
48 peach allergic patients |
|
Lleonart et al. 1992 | |||||||||||||||
| Peel vs. Pulp
In vitro allergenicity in peach allergic patients |
Peels induced higher SPT, histamine release and RAST results than pulps; higher IgE-binding potency of peel extract than pulp extract in RAST inhibition | Fernandez-Rivas & Cuevas 1999 | |||||||||||||||
| Peach Nectar
4 commercial peach nectars |
Detection of major peach allergens: Pru p 3 and Bet v 1 homologous protein with 2 pooled sera from 6 peach allergic patients with and without birch pollinosis, respectively (SDS-PAGE immunoblot) | Brenna et al. 2000 |