Allergen Data Collection: Mango (Mangifera indica)
Internet Symposium on Food Allergens 3(3):135 - 41 (2001) [http://www.food-allergens.de]
1 Prevalence of Mango Allergy

It is difficult to do an estimation of prevalence of mango allergy due to differences in study populations (latex allergy, pollen allergy, food allergy, fruit allergy, etc.), differences in dietary habits, geographical areas, or differences in diagnostic procedures. Prevalence data are based on different diagnostic procedures. While the prevalence of sensitization can be estimated by SPT, RAST, and immunoblot, a clinical relevant sensitization (allergy) is evaluated by convincing history or food challenge tests (ideally by DBPCFC).

1.1 Subjects with Atopic or Other Diseases
 
Country / Subjects Allergy / Sensitization References
France, Paris
a) 24 patients with latex and pollen allergy
b) 20 patients with latex allergy (no pollen allergy)
c) 25 patients with pollen allergy (no latex allergy)
clinical symptoms SPT
a) mango in 8% and 50%
b) mango in 0% and 20%
c) mango in 0% and 44%
Levy et al. 2000
France, Pierre Benite
60 cases of anaphylaxis (study period 1984-92)
mango 6.7% Andre et al. 1994
Germany
136 latex allergic patients
mango 18% (RAST)
mango 2.9% (self-reported)
Brehler et al. 1997
Mexico
71 atopic subjects with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis (age of 14-40 years)
mango pollen 66% (skin test) Vargas Correa et al. 1991
Switzerland, Zurich
31 patients with "celery-mugwort-spice syndrome"
mango 23% (clinical history) Wüthrich & Hofer 1984
Switzerland, Zurich
402 food allergic adults (study period 1978-87)
mango 0.7% (clinical history, diagnostic tests) Wüthrich 1993
Switzerland, Zurich
383 food allergic patients (study period 1990-94)
mango 0.3% (clinical history, diagnostic tests) Etesamifar & Wüthrich 1998
Thailand, Bangkok
100 patients with allergic rhinitis (age of 10-59 years, mean 28 years)
mango pollen 16% (SPT) Pumhirun et al. 1997

1.2 Prevalence of Associated Allergies
 
Country / Subjects Sensitization / Allergy References
Germany, Hamburg
9 mango fruit sensitive patients
  RAST Clinical Symptoms
mango 100% 56%
mugwort pollen 100% 100%
birch pollen 89% 100%
celery 89% 89%
carrot 89% 67%
Paschke et al. 2001a

2 Symptoms of Mango Allergy
 
Symptoms & Case Reports References
Systemic reactions
anaphylaxis (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10), collapse (9)

Symptoms of skin and mucous membranes
angioedema (9), generalized itching and hives (5), swelling of face (5), urticaria (9)

Gastrointestinal symptoms
abdominal cramps (5), diarrhea (9, 11, 12), swelling of lips (5, 12), swelling of tongue (5), burning sensation in mouth (5), itching in mouth (10, 11, 12), itching of pharynx (10), itching in throat (11, 12), nausea (5), vomiting (5, 9), in general / not specified (9)

Respiratory symptoms
asthma (1), dyspnea (1, 9, 10), hoarseness (1), rhino-conjunctivitis (10)

Other symptoms
profuse sweating (5)

(1) Kahn 1942
(2) Rubin et al. 1965
(3) Dang & Bell 1967
(4) Miell et al. 1988
(5) Jansen et al. 1992
(6) Armentia et al. 1994
(7) Kivity et al. 1994
(8) Goritsa et al. 1998
(9) Henzgen et al. 1998
(10) Duque et al. 1999
(11) Paschke et al. 2001a
(12) Paschke et al. 2001b
Onset of Symptoms
Onset of symptoms within a few minutes to 1 h after ingestion (6 mango allergic patients) (1)
(1) Henzgen et al. 1998

3 Diagnostic Features of Mango Allergy
 
Parameters / Subjects Outcome References
Gender of Patients
52 mango sensitive patients (18 to 63 years of age)
52% of patients were male Paschke et al. 2001b
IgE and Clinical Relevance
4 latex allergic patients with self-reported mango intolerance
Mango specific IgE (RAST):
Sensitivity 0.0%
Specificity 82%
Brehler et al. 1997
IgE and Clinical Relevance
9 patients with specific serum IgE against mango and birch pollen, mugwort pollen, celery, and carrot
5 patients had clinical symptoms after ingestion of mango; 1 patient showed no symptoms and 3 patients had never eaten mango Paschke et al. 2001a
SPT, IgE, Immunoblotting
6 mango and mugwort pollen allergic patients (all female, age of 22-48 years)
All patients were positive in prick-to-prick test with fresh fruits; specific IgE was detectable in only 1 serum by RAST and in 2 sera by SDS-PAGE/immunoblotting  Henzgen et al. 1998

4 Composition of Mango
 

5 Allergens of Mango
 
Proteins / Glycoproteins Allergen Nomenclature References
40-kDa Allergen [pI 4.6 and 4.8] Man i 1 * Paschke et al. 2001b
30-kDa Allergen [pI 4.9] Man i 2 * Paschke et al. 2001b
46 kDa Allergen  (Putative chitinase)   Diaz-Perales et al. 1999
Allergens: 15 kDa (double band), and 38 kDa    Goritsa et al. 1998
Allergens: 15, 45, and 94 kDa   Henzgen et al. 1998
Allergens: 14, 30, 40, 43, and 67 kDa   Kinder et al. 1999, Paschke et al. 2001a
* proposed name not yet listed in WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature
 

5.1 Sensitization to Mango Allergens
 
Country / Subjects Sensitization to References
Germany, Hamburg
52 mango fruit sensitive patients
Allergen  
67 kDa in 40%
50 kDa in 23%
43 kDa in 33%
40 kDa in 88%
30 kDa in 88%
25 kDa in 12%
16 kDa in 12%
14 kDa in 15%
(SDS-PAGE / immunoblot)
Paschke et al. 2001b

6 Isolation & Preparation
 
Extract / Purified Allergens Methods References
Protein extract Fresh fruit homogenized in acetone (-40°C), precipitates washed, filtered, lyophylized and water extracted Paschke et al. 2001b
(described by Möller et al. 1997a)


7 Cross-Reactivities
 
Cross-Reacting Allergens Subjects / Methods References
Mango: (fruits, vegetables, pollen)
apple, celery, and birch and mugwort pollen
Inhibition of IgE binding to 15 kDa mango allergen by apple, celery, and pollen extracts
(immunoblot inhibition, 1 patient)
Henzgen et al. 1998
Mango: (vegetables, pollen)
mugwort pollen, birch pollen, Bet v 1, celery, and carrot
EAST inhibition
Inhibition of IgE binding to mango extract by carrot (maximum inhibition 80%), celery, birch pollen, mugwort pollen (all approximately 50-60%), and Bet v 1 (28%);
IgE binding to celery, carrot, and mugwort pollen by mango extract was 83%, 73%, and 58% maximum inhibiton, respectively

Immunoblot inhibition
Carrot and mugwort pollen extracts inhibited IgE binding to 40-, 43-, and 67-kDa-allergens from mango; celery and birch pollen extacts additionally inhibited IgE binding to 14-kDa-allergen from mango; Bet v 1 inhibited exclusively the 14-kDa-allergen;
Mango extract inhibited IgE binding to mugwort pollen allergens with 60 kDa (Art v 2) and 70 kDa, to celery allergens with 14 and 16 kDa, to carrot allergens with 40, 45, 50, and 67 kDa and to Dau c 1
(pooled serum form 9 mango sensitive patients)

Paschke et al. 2001a
Mango (46 kDa allergen): (fruits)
avocado allergen (Prs a 1, chitinase class I), latex extract
Pooled serum from latex- fruit allergic patients: Inhibition of IgE- binding to 46-kDa mango allergen by Prs a 1 from avocado and by latex extract (immunoblot inhibition) Diaz-Perales et al. 1999
Mango: (pollen)
birch pollen allergen 35 kDa
3 Sera from birch pollen allergic patients reactive to 35 kDa allergen: 79% to 97% inhibition of IgE binding to mango extract by birch pollen extract, 69% to 93% by 35 kDa birch allergen, and no inhibition (<15%) by Bet v 1 from birch pollen (EAST inhibition) Wellhausen et al. 1996
Mango: (latex)
latex
a) 4 and b) 5 latex allergic patients with mango sensitivity: a) 100% inhibition of IgE binding to mango allergens by latex extract; b) 9.4-46% inhibition (mean 31%) of IgE binding to latex extract by mango allergens (RAST inhibition) Brehler et al. 1997
Mango Seed: (nuts)
pistachio
2 patients with pistachio allergy: significant inhibition of IgE binding to pistachio extract by mango seed, no significant inhibition by mango pulp (RAST inhibition) Fernandez et al. 1995

8 Stability of Mango Allergens and Food Processing
 
Treatment / Ripening Effects References
Mango (Ripening)
storage of fruits for 5, 12, 21, 35, and 40 days after harvesting
No significant differences in allergenic potencies of mango fruits of different maturities (EAST inhibition, immunoblot inhibition) Paschke et al. 2001b

9 Allergenicity of Different Mango Varieties
 
Varieties / Subjects Differences References
4 Mango Strains
Mango strains: Eden, Ngowe, Osteen and Tommy Atkins; 7 mango sensitive patients
No significant differences in allergenic potency among the 4 mango strains (EAST inhibition, immunoblot inhibition) Kinder et al. 1999

10 Allergen Sources
 
Reported Adverse Reactions References
Food / Food additives
After ingestion of fresh fruits (1)
(1) see 2 Symptoms of Mango Allergy

11 References



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