Kiwi Allergy Data

Allergen Data Collection: Kiwi Fruit (Actinidia chinensis)
Internet Symposium on Food Allergens 1(1):35-41 (1999) [http://www.food-allergens.de]

1 Prevalence of Kiwi Fruit Allergy


Country / Subjects	Sensitivity to	References
*France, Toulouse* 142 food allergic children	kiwi fruit 2.8% (Labial food challenge)	Rance & Dutau 1997
*Germany* 136 latex allergic patients	kiwi fruit 16% (RAST inhibition)	Brehler et al. 1997
*Germany* 30 patients with birch pollen associated fruit allergy	kiwi fruit 77% (EAST)	Möller et al. 1997b
*Gran Canaria* 142 food allergic adults	kiwi fruit 9.9% (Clinical symptoms)	Castillo et al. 1996
*Japan* 171 birchpollen allergic patients	kiwi fruit 3.5% (RAST)	Yamamoto et al. 1995
*Switzerland, Zurich* 402 food allergic adults	kiwi fruit and apple 1.5%	Wüthrich 1993
*Turkey, Ankara* 61 hospital employees, 40 atopic children	kiwi fruit 22 subjects (specific Serum-IgE)	Saraclar Y et al. 1998
*USA* 33 latex allergic patients with associated food allergy	kiwi fruit 17% (Skin Prick Test)	Beezhold et al. 1996

2 Symptoms of Kiwi Fruit Allergy


Symptoms & Case Reports	References
anaphylaxis contact urticaria oral and pharyngeal hypersensitivities localized pruritic reaction dysphagia, vomiting and urticaria acute pancreatitis severe generalized symptoms	Fine 1981 Falliers 1983 Freye 1989 Garcia et al. 1989 Veraldi & Schianchi-Veraldi 1990 Novembre et al. 1995 Shimizu & Morikawa 1995 Yamamoto et al. 1995 Gastaminza et al. 1998

3 Composition of Kiwi Fruit

4 Allergens of Kiwi Fruit

Proteins / Glycoproteins Allergen Nomenclature References

Actinidin (30 kDa) Act c 1 Pastorello et al. 1998

43-kDa-Allergen Act c 2 * Möller et al. 1997a

Allergens: 13, 22, 30, 67 kDa none Möller et al. 1997b

Allergens: 10-12 kDa, 20-25 kDa none Voitenko et al. 1997

Allergens: 12, 17, 24, 28 kDa none Pastorello et al. 1996, 1998

12 Allergens: 15-94 kDa none Rudeschko et al. 1998

* proposed name not yet listed in WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature

4.1 Sensitization to Kiwi Fruit Allergens

Country / Subjects Sensitivity to References

Germany
22 kiwi allergic patients 67-kDa-Allergen 55%
43-kDa-Allergen 68%
30-kDa-Allergen 19%
22-kDa-Allergen 31%
13-kDa-Allergen 9%
(SDS-PAGE / immunoblot) Möller et al. 1997b

Italy
30 kiwi allergic patients 30-kDa-Allergen (Act c 1) 100%
(SDS-PAGE / immunoblot) Pastorello et al. 1996

4.2 Properties of Actinidin
4.3 Properties of 43-kDa-Allergen

5 Isolation & Preparation

Extract / Purified Allergens Methods References

protein extract fresh fruit homogenized in phosphate buffer, centrifuged and dialyzed Pastorello et al. 1998

protein extract fresh fruit homogenized in acetone (-40°C), precipitates washed, filtered, lyophylized and, water extracted Möller et al. 1997a

protein extract comparison of extraction buffers: phosphate-buffered saline and
borate-buffered saline Voitenko et al. 1997

actinidin covalent chromatography (thiol-disulfide interchange) Thomas et al. 1995

43-kDa-Allergen (Act c 2) IEC, SDS-PAGE / electroelution Möller et al. 1997a

30-kDa-Allergen (Act c 1) and 17, 24, 28-kDa Allergens IEC Pastorello et al. 1998

Extract / Purified Allergens	Methods	References
protein extract	fresh fruit homogenized in phosphate buffer, centrifuged and dialyzed	Pastorello et al. 1998
protein extract	fresh fruit homogenized in acetone (-40°C), precipitates washed, filtered, lyophylized and, water extracted	Möller et al. 1997a
protein extract	comparison of extraction buffers: phosphate-buffered saline and borate-buffered saline	Voitenko et al. 1997
actinidin	covalent chromatography (thiol-disulfide interchange)	Thomas et al. 1995
43-kDa-Allergen (Act c 2)	IEC, SDS-PAGE / electroelution	Möller et al. 1997a
30-kDa-Allergen (Act c 1) and 17, 24, 28-kDa Allergens	IEC	Pastorello et al. 1998

6 Cross-Reactivities

Cross-Reacting Allergens Subjects / Methods References

kiwi fruit
hazelnuts, rye grain 2 kiwi allergic patients (RAST inhibition) Seifert et al. 1988

kiwi fruit
hazelnuts, poppy seeds, sesame seeds, rye grain 8 patients with food / pollen allergy
(immunoblot inhibition) Vocks et al. 1993

kiwi fruit
birch, grass and, mugwort pollen, apple, potato 2 kiwi allergic patients (1)
3 kiwi allergic patients (2)
(RAST inhibition) (1) Gall et al. 1990
(2) Gall et al. 1994

kiwi fruit
60 kDa mugwort allergen (Art v 1) patients with food / pollen allergy
(RAST inhibition) Heiss et al. 1996

kiwi fruit
timothy pollen, birch pollen 27 kiwi allergic patients (immunoblot inhibition) Pastorello et al. 1996

kiwi fruit
latex 3 and 4 kiwi and latex allergic patients
(RAST inhibition) Brehler et al. 1997

kiwi allergens (43, 67 kDa)
birch pollen (68-kDa-Allergen), apple (67-kDa-Allergen), carrot, celery 7 kiwi allergic patients (immunoblot inhibition) Möller et al. 1997b

kiwi allergens (10-12 kDa)
birch pollen 15 birch pollen allergic patients (immunoblot inhibition) Voitenko et al. 1997

kiwi allergens (43, 67 kDa)
avocado, banana, latex 5 kiwi allergic patients (immunoblot inhibition) Möller et al. 1998

kiwi fruit (15-94 kDa)
birch, timothy, rye, and
mugwort pollen 22 kiwi allergic patients (immunoblot inhibition) Rudeschko et al. 1998

Cross-Reacting Allergens	Subjects / Methods	References
*kiwi fruit* hazelnuts, rye grain	2 kiwi allergic patients (RAST inhibition)	Seifert et al. 1988
*kiwi fruit* hazelnuts, poppy seeds, sesame seeds, rye grain	8 patients with food / pollen allergy (immunoblot inhibition)	Vocks et al. 1993
*kiwi fruit* birch, grass and, mugwort pollen, apple, potato	2 kiwi allergic patients (1) 3 kiwi allergic patients (2) (RAST inhibition)	(1) Gall et al. 1990 (2) Gall et al. 1994
*kiwi fruit* 60 kDa mugwort allergen (Art v 1)	patients with food / pollen allergy (RAST inhibition)	Heiss et al. 1996
*kiwi fruit* timothy pollen, birch pollen	27 kiwi allergic patients (immunoblot inhibition)	Pastorello et al. 1996
*kiwi fruit* latex	3 and 4 kiwi and latex allergic patients (RAST inhibition)	Brehler et al. 1997
*kiwi allergens* (43, 67 kDa) birch pollen (68-kDa-Allergen), apple (67-kDa-Allergen), carrot, celery	7 kiwi allergic patients (immunoblot inhibition)	Möller et al. 1997b
*kiwi allergens* (10-12 kDa) birch pollen	15 birch pollen allergic patients (immunoblot inhibition)	Voitenko et al. 1997
*kiwi allergens* (43, 67 kDa) avocado, banana, latex	5 kiwi allergic patients (immunoblot inhibition)	Möller et al. 1998
*kiwi fruit* (15-94 kDa) birch, timothy, rye, and mugwort pollen	22 kiwi allergic patients (immunoblot inhibition)	Rudeschko et al. 1998

7 References

Baker EN (1980) Structure of actinidin, after refinement at 1.7 A resolution J Mol Biol 141 (4), 441-484
Baker EN, Boland MJ, Calder PC, Hardman MJ (1980) The specificity of actinidin and its relationship to the structure of the enzyme Biochim Biophys Acta 616(1):30-4
Beezhold DH, Sussman GL, Liss GM, Chang NS (1996) Latex allergy can induce clinical reactions to specific foods Clin Exp Allergy 26(4):416-22
Brehler R, Theissen U, Mohr C, Luger T (1997) "Latex-fruit syndrome": frequency of cross-reacting IgE antibodies Allergy 52(4):404-10
Carne A, Moore CH (1978) The amino acid sequence of the tryptic peptides from actinidin, a proteolytic enzyme from the fruit of Actinidia chinensis Biochem J 173(1):73-83
Castillo R, Delgado J, Quiralte J, Blanco C, Carrillo T (1996) Food hypersensitivity among adult patients: epidemiological and clinical aspects Allergol Immunopathol 24(3):93-7
Falliers CJ (1983) Anaphylaxis to Kiwi fruit and related "exoti" items J Asthma 20(3):193-6
Fine AJ (1981) Hypersensitivity reaction to kiwi fruit (Chinese gooseberry, Actinidia chinensis) J Allergy Clin Immunol 68(3):235-7
Freye HB (1989) Life-threatening anaphylaxis to kiwi fruit and the prevalence of kiwi fruit sensitivity in the United States Allergologie 12:89-90
Gall H, Kalveram KJ, Forck G, Sterry W (1994) Kiwi fruit allergy: a new birch pollen-associated food allergy J Allergy Clin Immunol 94(1):70-6
Garcia BE, de la Cuesta CG, Santos F, Feliu X, Cordoba H (1989) A rare case of food allergy: monosensitivity to kiwi (Actinidia chinensis) Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 17(4):217-8
Gastaminza G, Bernaola G, Camino ME (1998) Acute pancreatitis caused by allergy to kiwi fruit Allergy 53:1104-1105
Heiss S, Fischer S, Muller WD, Weber B, Hirschwehr R, Spitzauer S, Kraft D, Valenta R (1996) Identification of a 60 kd cross-reactive allergen in pollen and plant-derived food J Allergy Clin Immunol 98(5 Pt 1):938-47
Larsen JN, Lowenstein H (1998) Official list of allergens: IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Subcommittee ftp://biobase.dk / pub / who-iuis / allergen.list
Möller M, Kayma M, Steinhart H, Paschke A (1997a) Isolation and characterization of a major allergen in kiwi fruit Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 205:364-369
Möller M, Paschke A, Vieluf D, Kayma M, Vieths S, Steinhart H (1997b) Caracterization of allergens in kiwi fruit and detection of cross-reactivities with allergens of birch pollen and related fruits Food Agric Immunol 9:107-121
Möller M, Kayma M, Vieluf D, Paschke A, Steinhart H (1998) Determination and characterization of cross-reacting allergens in latex, avocado, banana, and kiwi fruit Allergy 53(3):289-96
Naylor S, Ang SG, Williams DH, Moore CH, Walsh K (1989) Rapid determination of sequence variations in actinidin isolated from Actinidia chinensis (var. Hayward) using fast atom bombardment mapping mass spectrometry and gas phase microsequencing Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom 18(6):424-8
Novembre E, Bernardini R, Bertini G, Massai G, Vierucci A (1995) Skin-prick-test-induced anaphylaxis Allergy 50(6):511-3
Pastorello EA, Pravettoni V, Ispano M, Farioli L, Ansaloni R, Rotondo F, Incorvaia C, Asman I, Bengtsson A, Ortolani C (1996) Identification of the allergenic components of kiwi fruit and evaluation of their cross-reactivity with timothy and birch pollens J Allergy Clin Immunol 98(3):601-10
Pastorello EA, Conti A, Pravettoni V, Farioli L, Rivolta F, Ansaloni R, Ispano M, Incorvaia C, Giuffrida MG, Ortolani C (1998) Identification of actinidin as the major allergen of kiwi fruit J Allergy Clin Immunol 101(4 Pt 1):531-537
Paul W, Amiss J, Try R, Praekelt U, Scott R, Smith H (1995) Correct processing of the kiwifruit protease actinidin in transgenic tobacco requires the presence of the C-terminal propeptide Plant Physiol 108(1):261-8
Podivinsky E, Forster RL, Gardner RC (1989) Nucleotide sequence of actinidin, a kiwi fruit protease Nucleic Acids Res 17(20), 8363
Praekelt UM, McKee RA, Smith H (1988) Molecular analysis of actinidin, the cysteine proteinase of actinidia chinesis Plant Mol Biol 10, 193-202
Rance F, Dutau G (1997) Labial food challenge in children with food allergy Pediatr Allergy Immunol 8(1):41-4
Rudeschko O, Fahlbusch B, Steurich F, Schlenvoigt G, Jager L (1998) Kiwi allergens and their cross-reactivity with birch, rye, timothy, and mugwort pollen J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 8(2):78-84
Saraclar Y, Cetinkaya F, Tuncer A, Sekerel B, Hovanec-Burns D, Unver E (1998) Latex sensitivity among hospital employees and atopic children Turk J Pediatr 40(1):61-8
Seifert HU, Seifert B, Düngemann H, Vocks E, Borelli S, Gugger A (1988) Immunologische Kreuzreaktionen bei Nüssen, Roggenmehl, Kiwi, Sesam und Mohnsamen Allergologie 11(5):169-172
Shimizu T, Morikawa A (1995) Anaphylaxis to kiwi fruit in a 12-year-old boy J Asthma 32(2):159-60
Thomas MP, Verma C, Boyd SM, Brocklehurst K (1995) The structural origins of the unusual specificities observed in the isolation of chymopapain M and actinidin by covalent chromatography and the lack of inhibition of chymopapain M by cystatin Biochem J 306 ( Pt 1):39-46
Varughese KI, Su Y, Cromwell D, Hasnain S, Xuong NH (1992) Crystal structure of an actinidin-E-64 complex Biochemistry 31(22):5172-6
Veraldi S, Schianchi-Veraldi R (1990) Contact urticaria from kiwi fruit Contact Dermatitis 22(4):244
Vocks E, Borga A, Szliska C, Seifert HU, Seifert B, Burow G, Borelli S (1993) Common allergenic structures in hazelnut, rye grain, sesame seeds, kiwi, and poppy seeds Allergy 48(3):168-72
Voitenko V, Poulsen LK, Nielsen L, Norgaard A, Bindslev-Jensen C, Skov PS (1997) Allergenic properties of kiwi-fruit extract: cross-reactivity between kiwi-fruit and birch-pollen allergens Allergy 52(2):136-43 (erratum in Allergy 1997; 52(9):962)
Wüthrich B (1993) Nahrungsmittelallergie Allergologie 16:280-287
Yamamoto T, Kukuminato Y, Nui I, Takada R, Hirao M, Kamimura M, Saitou H, Asakura K, Kataura A (1995) Relationship between birch pollen allergy and oral and pharyngeal hypersensitivity to fruit Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 98(7):1086-91 (Article in japanese)

Proteins / Glycoproteins	Allergen Nomenclature	References
Actinidin (30 kDa)	Act c 1	Pastorello et al. 1998
43-kDa-Allergen	Act c 2 *	Möller et al. 1997a
Allergens: 13, 22, 30, 67 kDa	none	Möller et al. 1997b
Allergens: 10-12 kDa, 20-25 kDa	none	Voitenko et al. 1997
Allergens: 12, 17, 24, 28 kDa	none	Pastorello et al. 1996, 1998
12 Allergens: 15-94 kDa	none	Rudeschko et al. 1998