Prevalence data are based on different diagnostic procedures. While the prevalence of sensitization (sensitivity) can be estimated by SPT, RAST, and immunoblot, a clinical relevant sensitization (allergy) is evaluated by convincing history (anamnesis) or food challenge tests (ideally by DBPCFC).
1.1 Subjects with Atopic or Other Diseases
Country / Subjects | Allergy / Sensitivity | References | ||||||||||||
France
80 cases of food- related anaphylaxis (study period 1993-97) |
celery and carrot 7.5%
(reported to CICBAA databank) |
European Commission 1998 | ||||||||||||
France, Lyon
a) 61 patients with mugwort pollen sensitivity b) from which 26 with birch pollen sensitivity |
a) celery 59%
b) celery 88% (RAST) |
Vallier et al. 1988 | ||||||||||||
France, Paris
a) 24 patients with latex and pollen allergy b) 20 patients with latex allergy (no pollen allergy) c) 25 patients with pollen allergy (no latex allergy) |
|
Levy et al. 2000 | ||||||||||||
France, Pierre Benite
a) 580 patients with adverse reactions to food b) 60 cases of anaphylaxis (study period 1984-92) |
a) celery 30% (RAST)
b) celery 30% |
Andre et al. 1994 | ||||||||||||
Germany, Berlin
167 pollen and food sensitive patients |
celery 70% and 14%
(SPT and case history) |
Jankiewicz et al. 1996 | ||||||||||||
Italy, Florence
54 episodes of food-dependent anaphylaxis in 44 children (age of 1 month to 16 years) (from 1994-1996) |
celery 1.9% | Novembre et al. 1998 | ||||||||||||
Italy, Genoa
132 pollen and food sensitive patients |
celery 0.7% (self-reported) | Troise et al. 1992 | ||||||||||||
Italy, Milan
262 fruit and/or vegetable allergic patients |
celery 5-10% (clinical history) | Ortolani et al. 1988 | ||||||||||||
Italy, Milan
100 fruit and/or vegetable allergic patients |
celery 5% (clinical history) | Ortolani et al. 1989 | ||||||||||||
Italy, Milan
196 adults with birch pollen allergy and oral allergy syndrome |
celery 7% (clinical history) | Asero 1997 | ||||||||||||
Netherlands
131 cases of food- induced anaphylaxis (from 1993-1997) |
celery 6.1% (survey, reported to the TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute) | European Commission 1998 | ||||||||||||
Spain, Madrid
29 plant-derived food allergic patients |
celery 3.4% (SPT) | Diez-Gomez et al. 1999 | ||||||||||||
Sweden
55 cases of food- induced anaphylaxis (from 1994-1996) |
celery 3.6% (Hospital Reports) | European Commission 1998 | ||||||||||||
Sweden, Halmstad / Malmö
a) 380 birch pollen allergic patients b) 103 patients without birch pollen allergy |
a) celery 2%
b) celery 0% (questionnaire) |
Eriksson et al. 1982 | ||||||||||||
Switzerland, Bern
22 patients with severe food-induced anaphylaxis (study period 1994-96) |
celery 50% | Rohrer et al. 1998 | ||||||||||||
Switzerland, Vaudois
111 patients with pollen- associated food allergy |
celery 57% (RAST) | Bircher et al. 1994 | ||||||||||||
Switzerland, Zurich
402 food allergic adults (study period 1978-87) |
celery 43% (clinical history, diagnostic tests) | Wüthrich 1993 | ||||||||||||
Switzerland, Zurich
383 food allergic patients (study period 1990-94) |
celery 36%
celery tuber 20% (spice) (clinical history, diagnostic tests) |
Etesamifar & Wüthrich 1998 | ||||||||||||
UK, London
100 patients with food intolerance |
celery 1%
(repeated challenge) |
Lessof et al. 1980 | ||||||||||||
USA, Boston, MA
279 adults with exercise- induced anaphylaxis (study period 1980-98) |
celery 7%
(reported trigger) |
Shadick et al. 1999 |
1.2 Prevalence of Associated Allergies
Country / Subjects | Sensitivity / Allergy to | References | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Austria, Vienna
20 patients with mugwort- birch- celery- spice syndrome |
paprika 73%
pepper 95% (immunoblot) |
Leitner et al. 1998a | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italy, Milan
196 adults with birch pollen allergy and oral allergy syndrome |
celery and carrot 83% (n=103)
celery and fennel 73% (n=63) (concordance of allergy, clinical history) |
Asero 1997 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Switzerland, Zurich
31 celery allergic patients (study period 1978-82, follow-up 1983) |
mugwort pollen 87%
carrots 52% caraway 26% parsley 16% fennel 13% green pepper 10% aniseed 3% (clinically relevant allergy) |
Wüthrich & Hofer 1984 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Switzerland, Zurich
70 patients with celery and pollen allergy (birch and/or mugwort) |
Spices from Apiaceae family (same as celery):
aniseed, fennel, coriander, and cumin in >34%; Spices from unrelated families (red pepper, white pepper, ginger, nutmeg, cinnamon): positive in 3 of 11 patients (scratch test) |
Stäger et al. 1991 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Switzerland, Zurich
22 patients with positive DBPCFC to celery |
|
Ballmer-Weber et al. 2000
Lüttkopf et al. 2000 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Switzerland, Zurich
41 patients with sensitivity to a) 7 birch pollen sensitive b) 11 birch pollen and celery c) 7 mugwort pollen d) 6 mugwort pollen and celery e) 10 birch, mugwort pollen and celery |
Labiatae: basil, majoram, pot majoram, thyme |
Wüthrich et al. 1992 |
Symptoms & Case Reports | References | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
systemic reactions
anaphylaxis (1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10), exercise-induced anaphylaxis (3, 8) symptoms on skin and mucous membranes
gastrointestinal symptoms
respiratory symptoms
* symptoms, which could be involved in oral allergy syndrome: local symptoms as intra-oral and lip-irritation, angioedema and systemic symptoms as rhino-conjunctivitis, urticaria-angioedema, asthma, and anaphylaxis (11) |
(1) Forsbeck & Ros 1979
(2) Kauppinen et al. 1980 (3) Kidd et al. 1983 (4) Kremser & Lindemayr 1983 (5) Dechamp et al. 1984 (6) Pauli et al. 1985 (7) Rose & Altman 1985 (8) Silverstein et al. 1986 (9) Stricker et al. 1986 (10) Pauli et al. 1988 (11) Ortolani et al. 1988 (12) Ortolani et al. 1989 (13) Hoerler & Ukiwe 1992 (14) Jordan-Wagner et al. 1993 (15) Bonnin et al. 1995 (16) Jankiewicz et al. 1996, 1998 (17) Ballmer-Weber et al. 2000 |
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Percentage of Reactions
(2) patients with celery allergy and concomitant pollen allergy (mugwort, birch) (clinical history) (3) celery allergic patients (clinical history) (4) patients (14-49 years of age) with celery allergy (clinical history) (5) adults with celery and pollen allergy (clinical history) (6) after DBPCFC in celery allergic patients (13-55 years of age) |
(1) Wüthrich
& Hofer 1984
(2) Pauli et al. 1985 (3) Wüthrich & Dietschi 1985 (4) Pauli et al. 1988 (5) Jankiewicz et al. 1998 (6) Ballmer-Weber et al. 2000 |
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Onset of Symptoms
Symptoms occurred after ingestion of celery within 30 min to 1 h in 46%, within 2-3 h in 8%, and >3 h in 46% of 13 celery allergic patients (1) Symptoms of oral itching and eyelid angioedema in 2 patients within 4 and 6 min after open food challenge with 15 g of celery (2) |
(1) Kremser & Lindemayr 1983
(2) Ortolani et al. 1989 |
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Threshold for Elicitation of Symptoms
Quantities of 700 mg celery induced allergic symptoms in 48%, 1.9 g and 5.6 g in 10% each, 13.3 g in 5%, and 28.5 g in 29% of 21 celery allergic patients with positive DBPCFC (1) |
(1) Ballmer-Weber et al. 2000 |
3 Diagnostic Features of Celery Allergy
Parameters / Subjects | Outcome | References | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Age at Manifestation
31 celery allergic patients (1) 35 celery allergic patients (2) |
Allergy to celery according to age groups:
|
(1) Wüthrich
& Hofer 1984
(2) Wüthrich & Dietschi 1985 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gender of Patients
31 celery allergic patients (1) 35 celery allergic patients (2) |
86% and 87% female, respectively (1, 2) | (1) Wüthrich
& Hofer 1984
(2) Wüthrich & Dietschi 1985 |
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RAST, Scratch Test
68 pollen allergic patients |
72% concordance of RAST and scratch chamber test to celery | Halmepuro et al. 1984 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
IgE
birch pollen allergic patients with atopic dermatitis: a) responding (n=17) with worsening of atopic dermatitis within 48 h (no immediate symptoms observed) and b) non-responding (n=20) to DBPCFC with birch pollen related foods (carrot, celery, hazelnut, apple) |
Celery specific serum IgE (RAST):
a) 8.4 kU/L b) 3.1 kU/L (mean values) |
Reekers et al. 1999 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SPT, IgE and Clinical Relevance
31 celery allergic patients |
Skin testing (scratch or prick) with fresh celery bulb was reliable, RAST was not sufficiently sensitive | Wüthrich & Hofer 1984 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SPT, IgE and Clinical Relevance
35 celery allergic patients |
Positivity of diagnostic tests:
SPT with native celery- root 89%, scratch test with celery- salt 71%, intracutaneous test with commercial extract 64%, RAST with celery- sticks 66%, |
Wüthrich & Dietschi 1985 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a) RAST and Clinical Relevance
b) SPT and Clinical Relevance 4 patients with clinical history of celery allergy |
a) RAST (specific IgE > 0.7 kU/L):
positive results in 75% b) SPT with fresh food: positive results in 100% |
Ortolani et al. 1989 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SPT, IgE, and DBPCFC
32 patients with history of celery allergy (13-55 years of age, mean 32 years) |
69% of patients were positive in DBPCFC, 4 of 8 non-responders
reacted in open challenge, and 2 placebo-responders
c) SPT with self-prepared extract * prick-to-prick test with raw celery tuber |
Ballmer-Weber et al. 2000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
IgE and DBPCFC (positive
vs. negative)
patients with history of celery allergy a) 22 with positive DBPCFC b) 4 with negative DBPCFC and positive open challenge c) 4 with negative DBPCFC and negative open challenge |
No obvious differences in sensitization pattern between
a) and b) in immunoblot and EAST;
only 1 patient of c) had celery specific IgE (Api g 4 and glycoproteins) |
Lüttkopf et al. 2000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SPT and IgE
celery allergic patients |
a) Positivity in EAST to native celery:
50% of SPT positive patients (n=34) b) Positivity in EAST to heated celery: 18% of SPT positive patients (n=11) 26% of SPT negative patients (n=35) |
Jankiewicz et al. 1996 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SPT, Extracts
12 (14) patients with OAS after eating celery |
Positive reactions in SPT:
58% to fresh celery extracts 86% to commercial extracts |
Asero 1997 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SPT, RAST, Extracts, rApi g 1
a) 24 patients with celery and birch pollen allergy from Davos, Switzerland b) 12 patients with celery allergy and mugwort pollen sensitivity from Montpellier, France |
Positive reactions in skin prick-to-prick
test and SPT, respectively:
Positive reactions in RAST::
|
Hoffmann-Sommergruber et al. 1999a | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Immunoblot and Clinical Relevance
a) 23 patients with celery allergy b) 15 patients with celery sensitivity (RAST) without clinical relevance |
Sensitivity in SDS-PAGE immunoblot:
|
Bauer et al. 1996 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mugwort Sensitization, Severity of Symptoms
22 patients with positive DBPCFC to celery |
Positivity to mugwort pollen (SPT):
a) 60% of patients with systemic reactions to celery b) 16% of patients with pure oral allergy syndrome |
Ballmer-Weber et al. 2000 |
Treatment * | Outcome | References |
Oral Desensitization
with commercial celery and parsley extracts: 1 adult with celery- carrot- mugwort- spice- syndrome, symptoms of urticaria, dyspnoe, vomiting, and collaps after ingestion of raw fruits and vegetables (especially celery) and spices |
Daily administration of diluted mixed extract of increasing doses, maintenance dose administered 3 times per week, length of therapy approximately 3 years, after therapy parsley and celery were tolerated as spices, side effects of earlobe erythema and occasional diarrhea occurred | Wüthrich & Hofer 1986 |
Subcutaneous Desensitization
with 2 commercial extracts (5 grasses, cereals, mugwort and ribwort / birch and alder): 1 adult with suspected celery allergy and symptoms of allergic rhinitis, generalized urticaria, angioedema, and pruritus |
After 3 years of subcutaneous desensitization no symptoms of pollinosis or food allergy occurred | Wüthrich & Hofer 1986 |
Proteins / Glycoproteins | Allergen Nomenclature | References |
Bet v 1 - homologous Protein [16 kDa] | Api g 1.0101
Api g 1.0201 |
Breiteneder et al. 1995, Ebner et al. 1995, Vieths et al. 1995, Hoffmann-Sommergruber et al. 2000 |
Chlorophyll a/b Binding Protein ** | Api g 3* | Scheiner et al. 1997 |
Celery Profilin [15 kDa] | Api g 4 | Vallier et al. 1992, van Ree et al. 1992, Ebner et al. 1995, Vieths et al. 1995, Scheurer et al. 2000 |
55/58 kDa Allergen | Api g 5 | Ganglberger et al. 2000 |
Allergens: >30 kDa (CCD, cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants) | Vieths et al. 1994, Jankiewicz et al. 1998, Fötisch et al. 1999,Lüttkopf et al. 2000 | |
2 Allergens: appr. 15 kDa | Vallier et al. 1988 | |
Allergens: 15, 25, 36, and 60 kDa | Jordan-Wagner et al. 1993 | |
Allergens: 15, 46-60 kDa | Bauer et al. 1996 | |
60 kDa Allergen | Heiss et al. 1996, Grote et al. 1998 |
6.1 Sensitization to Celery Allergens
Country / Subjects | Sensitization | References | |||||||||||||||
Austria, Vienna
17 birch pollen allergic patients with celery sensitivity |
15 kDa allergen (Api g 1) in 76%
13-14 kDa allergen (Api g 4) in 24 % (SDS-PAGE immunoblot) |
Ebner et al. 1995 | |||||||||||||||
France, Lyon
36 patients with celery sensitivity |
15 kDa allergen (probably Api g 4) in 58%
high Mr bands in 63% any allergen band in 92% (SDS-PAGE immunoblot) |
Vallier et al. 1988 | |||||||||||||||
France, Montpellier
12 patients with celery allergy (clinical history) and mugwort pollen sensitivity (SPT) |
|
Hoffmann-Sommergruber et al. 1999a | |||||||||||||||
Germany, Berlin
a) 60 celery sensitive patients b) 30 celery and pollen allergic patients |
Allergens from celery tuber:
|
a) Jankiewicz et al. 1996
b) Jankiewicz et al. 1998 |
|||||||||||||||
Germany, Berlin
12 apple and celery allergic patients |
Carbohydrate epitopes on allergens > 30 kDa
(periodate treatment, immunoblot, EAST inhibition) |
Vieths et al. 1994 | |||||||||||||||
Netherlands, Amsterdam
401 sera with IgE against pollen and/or vegetable foods |
celery profilin (Api g 4) in 18% | van Ree et al. 2000 | |||||||||||||||
Switzerland, Davos
24 patients with celery and birch pollen allergy (clinical history) |
|
Hoffmann-Sommergruber et al. 1999a | |||||||||||||||
Switzerland, Zurich
22 celery allergic patients (DBPCFC positive) |
|
Lüttkopf et al. 2000 |
6.2 Properties of Bet v 1 - homologous Protein
(Api g 1)
6.3 Properties of Chlorophyll a/b binding Protein
6.4 Properties of Celery Profilin (Api g 4)
6.5 Properties of 55/58 kDa Protein (Api g
5)
Extract / Purified Allergens | Methods | References |
Protein extract | Grinding of raw piece-cut celery tuber in Tris/HCl buffer pH 7.6 (containing benzamidine, EDTA, and phenylmethyl- sulphonyl- fluoride), filtration, centrifugation, and precipitation by adding ammonium sulphate up to 75% saturation; resolubization in Tris/HCl buffer pH 7.6 and dialysis; extract defatted with ethyl ether | Vallier et al. 1992 |
Protein extract | Low temperature extraction method:
raw celery tuber homogenized in acetone (-40°C), precipitates washed, filtered, lyophylized and water extracted |
Vieths et al. 1992 |
Protein extract | Protein extraction from celery tuber with potassium phosphate
buffer pH 7.0 (containing
polyvinylpyrrolidone, EDTA, and diethyldithiocarbamic acid, sodium azide), centrifugation, filtration and dialysis, storage after lyophylization -20°C |
Bauer et al. 1996 |
Protein extract | Celery tuber ground in liquid nitrogen (1) or frozen in liquid nitrogen and homogenized (2), protein extraction with potassium phosphate buffer (1) or phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4 (2) at 4°C, centrifugation, filtration, dialysis, and lyophylization | (1) Ganglberger et al. 2000
(2) Ballmer-Weber et al. 2000 |
Profilin (Api g 4) | Isolation from protein extract by 4 chromatographic steps: IEC (with DEAE) followed by SEC (with Sephacryl S200), and preparative anion exchange HPLC (DEAE) followed by exclusion- diffusion HPLC (Protein PAK SW 300) | Vallier et al. 1992 |
Profilin (Api g 4) | Isolation from protein extract by affinity chromatography with a poly- L-prolin column | Vallier et al. 1992
Vieths et al. 1995 |
55/58 kDa allergen (Api g 5) | Separation of celery extract by IEC (Mono Q HR column) | Ganglberger et al. 2000 |
63 kDa allergen (Api g 5) | Preparative SDS-PAGE of celery extract followed by gel elution | Ganglberger et al. 2000 |
Cross-Reacting Allergens | Subjects / Methods | References |
Celery: (pollen)
mugwort and birch pollen |
13 celery allergic patients: Cross- reactivity between stick celery and mugwort and birch pollen (RAST inhibition) | Kremser & Lindemayr 1983 |
Celery: (pollen, apple)
mugwort and birch pollen, apple |
Cross- reactivity between celery tuber, birch pollen, and apple (RAST inhibiton) | Halmepuro et al. 1984 |
Celery: (pollen)
mugwort and birch pollen |
20 celery and pollen allergic patients: Cross- reactivity in RAST inhibiton | Pauli et al. 1985 |
Celery: (pollen, fennel)
significant associations: celery and mugwort pollen, celery and fennel * |
262 fruit and/or vegetable allergic patients
(clinical history, SPT, RAST) |
Ortolani et al. 1988 |
Celery, Profilin: (pollen)
birch and mugwort profilin (15 kDa) |
Sera reactive to 15 kDa celery allergen:
Inhibition of IgE binding to birch and mugwort pollen profilins (15 kDa each) by celery extract (1) and celery profilin (2) and to celery profilin by recombinant birch pollen profilin (2) (immunoblot inhibition) |
Vallier et al. 1988
Vallier et al. 1992 |
Celery: (pollen)
rye grass profilin (12 kDa) |
Serum from 1 patient with allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis related to vegetable foods and pollen: inhibition of IgE-binding to rye grass profilin by celery extract (RAST), detection of celery profilin at 12 kDa (SDS-PAGE immunoblot) | van Ree et al. 1992 |
Celery (Api g 1): (birch
pollen)
birch pollen (Bet v 1) |
7 Bet v 1 and Bet v 2 sensitive patients (pooled serum): significant inhibition of IgE- binding to 15 kDa allergen (Api g 1) by rBet v 1, no inhibition of binding to 14 kDa allergen (Api g 4) (immunoblot inhibition) | Ebner et al. 1995 |
Celery (Api g 4): (birch
pollen)
birch pollen (Bet v 2 profilin) |
7 Bet v 1 and Bet v 2 sensitive patients (pooled serum): complete inhibition of IgE- binding to 14 kDa allergen (Api g 4) by rBet v 2, no inhibition of binding to 15 kDa allergen (Api g 1) (immunoblot inhibition) | Ebner et al. 1995 |
Celery allergens: (pollen)
birch and mugwort pollen, Api g 1, Api g 4 |
16 kDa celery allergen (Api g 1) cross- reactive to Bet
v 1 detected by 6/8 of patients with a birch pollen / celery sensitivity;
15 to 16 kDa double band (celery profilin, Api g 4) detected by 6/16 patients with mugwort pollen / celery and birch pollen / mugwort pollen / celery sensitivities (SDS-PAGE immunoblot, immunoblot inhibition) |
Vieths et al. 1995 |
Celery: (pollen)
birch and mugwort pollen |
Pooled sera from patients with celery allergy:
Inhibition of IgE binding to 46-60 kD celery allergens by birch and mugwort pollen (immunoblot inhibition) |
Bauer et al. 1996 |
Celery: (pollen)
60 kDa mugwort allergen (formerly Art v 1) |
Patients with food and pollen allergy: inhibition of IgE-binding to appr. 40-70 kDa celery allergens by 60 kDa mugwort allergen in 2 of 3 patients (SDS-PAGE inhibition), 2-40% reduction of IgE-binding to celery proteins by 60 kDa mugwort allergen in 3 patients (RAST inhibition) | Heiss et al. 1996 |
Celery: (birch pollen)
35 kDa birch pollen allergen and Bet v 1 |
Sera from birch pollen allergic patients reactive to
35 kDa allergen:
IgE binding to celery extract inhibited by 35 kDa allergen and Bet v 1 from birch pollen (EAST inhibition) |
Wellhausen et al. 1996 |
Celery extract, rApi g 1: (pollen)
birch pollen, rBet v 1, rBet v 2 profilin, timothy grass pollen extract; 21 patients with clinical relevant allergy to pollen and plant-derived food |
Mixture of rBet v 1 and rBet v 2 inhibited IgE-binding
to 10-14 kDa (profilin related) and 17-21 kDa (Bet v 1 related) celery
allergens, timothy grass pollen inhibited IgE-binding to 10-14 kDa and
30-100 kDa allergens from celery; only weak inhibition of IgE-binding to
Bet v 1 by rApi g 1 (immunoblot inhibition);
79% (2-100%) inhibition of IgE-binding to celery extract by mixture of rBet v 1 and rBet v 2 and 89% (4-100%) by mixture of rBet v1, rBet v 2, and timothy pollen extract (9 sera) (RAST inhibition) |
Kazemi-Shirazi et al. 2000 |
Celery: (pollen,
fruits)
birch pollen, apple and cherry extracts; rBet v 1 (birch pollen), and Bet v 1 homologous allergens rApi g 1 (celery), rMal d 1 (apple), and rPru a 1 (cherry) |
a) 4 birch pollen and cherry allergic
patients:
No inhibition of IgE-binding by rApi g 1 to neither of the extracts or rBet v 1 and rPru a 1 (immunoblot inhibition estimated according to band intensities ) b) Max. inhibition of IgE binding to rApi g 1 by rMal d 1 and rPru a 1 <20% and by rBet v 1 >90%, estimated allergenic potencies: rBet v 1 >> rMal d 1, rPru a 1 > rApi g 1 (EAST inhibition, 10 cherry and/or celery allergic patients) c) Results indicate different epitopes of Api g 1 and fruit allergens (Mal d 1, Pru a 1) |
Scheurer et al. 1999 |
Celery: (pollen, fruits)
a) birch pollen b) mugwort pollen c) lychee fruit d) carbohydrate moieties |
IgE binding to celery extract in celery allergic patients
(DBPCFC positive):
a) >90% max. inhibition (3 sera, EAST inhibition) b) >75% max. inhibition in 2 from 3 sera (EAST inhibition) c) About 90% max. inhibition in 2 from 3 sera (EAST inhibition) d) Complete inhibition of IgE binding to celery allergens >40 kDa by bromelain glycopeptide MXF (2 sera, immunoblot inhibition) |
Lüttkopf et al. 2000 |
Celery: (carrot)
stick celery, carrot |
Cross- reactivity between stick celery and raw carrot; detection of 17 kDa allergen in celery and carrot (RAST inhibition, immunoblot inhibition) | Helbling et al. 1993 |
Celery: (carrot)
Dau c 1 from carrot, Api g 1 |
Pooled sera from 6 carrot allergic patients:
Reduction of IgE-binding to native Dau c 1 and complete inhibition to rDau c 1.2 by rApi g 1 from celery (immunoblot inhibition) |
Hoffmann-Sommergruber et al. 1999b |
Celery: (fruits,
vegetables)
carrot, cucumber, watermelon |
6 patients sensitive to celery, carrot, cucumber and/or watermelon (SPT, EAST): Cross- reactivity between all 4 foods; detection of 15 kDa allergen in all foods (RAST inhibition, immunoblot inhibition) | Jordan-Wagner et al. 1993 |
Celery: (tomato)
tomato |
6 Pollen and tomato sensitized patients: 51-85% inhibition of IgE binding to tomato extract by celery extract (EAST inhibition) | Petersen et al. 1996 |
Celery: (apple)
apple |
16 celery and/or apple allergic patients:
Detection of Bet v 1 and Bet v 2 homologous allergens in celery and apple extracts; inhibition of IgE binding to celery extract by apple extract and vice versa, allergenic potencies: apple > celery (ELISA and immunoblot inhibition) |
Steurich & Feyerabend 1996 |
Celery: (spices)
pepper and paprika |
Pooled sera from 5 patients with celery- birch- mugwort-
spice syndrome:
Significant inhibition of IgE binding to pepper and paprika allergens by celery tuber extract and vice versa; no inhibition to pepper and paprika allergens by rBet v 1 and rBet v 2 (immunoblot inhibition) |
Leitner et al. 1998a |
Celery: (carbohydrate
epitopes)
glycopeptide bromelain |
Pooled serum from 5 celery allergic patients:
78% and 8.6% inhibition of IgE binding to bromelain by celery extracts and rApi g 1, respectively (ELISA inhibition) |
Jankiewicz et al. 1998 |
Celery: (carbohydrate
epitopes)
N-glycan from bromelain |
7 celery allergic patients with IgE binding to N-glycan
from bromelain:
22-100% maximal inhibition of IgE binding to celery by bromelain glycan (EAST inhibition); Inhibition of IgE binding to multiple bands >40 kD from celery by bromelain glycan (immunoblot inhibition); alpha 1,3-fucose key structure for IgE binding (chemical defucosylation) |
Fötisch et al. 1999 |
9 Stability of Celery Allergens
Treatment / Ripening | Effects | References |
Celery (Heat)
cooking |
Sensitivity to raw and cooked celery (scratch chamber test, 13 celery allergic patients) | Kremser & Lindemayr 1983 |
Celery (Heat)
boiled celery tubers (30 min), boiling water |
70 patients with celery and pollen sensitivity (birch
and/or mugwort) in SPT or intracutaneous test, positivity in SPT:
94% to raw celery tuber, 36% to cooked celery tuber, 8/13 to cooking water Celery-birch sensitive patients (n=13): negative or low RAST to heated celery extracts and to stick celery Celery-mugwort sensitive patients (n=6): positive RAST to heated celery extracts and high RAST values to stick celery |
Wüthrich et al. 1990 |
Celery (Heat)
microwaved celery tubers (750 W, 100°C) |
a) Reactivity of 46 celery sensitive patients (1):
78% to raw celery, 43% to celery heated for 30 min (SPT and/or EAST); b) Reactivity of 30 celery and pollen allergic patients in EAST (2): 100% to raw celery, 67% to celery heated for 10 min, 57% to celery heated for 30 min; c) Api g 1 abolished after 10 min, profilin (Api g 4) after 30 min, and carbohydrate epitopes (allergens >30 / >35 kDa) were heat resistant (SDS-PAGE immunoblot) (1, 2) |
(1) Jankiewicz et al. 1996
(2) Jankiewicz et al. 1998 |
Celery (Heat)
microwaved celery tubers (30 min, 100°C) |
Heating of celery tuber reduced allergenic activity of Api g 1, while semipurified heated Api g 1 retained immunoreactivity (SDS-PAGE immunoblot) | Vieths et al. 1998 |
Celery (Heat)
celery tubers (30 min, 100°C) |
a) 22 celery allergic patients (DBPCFC positive): 68%
of sera bound to allergens from native celery and 27% to heated celery
allergens (EAST)
b) Api g 1 monosensitized patient: strong inhibition of IgE binding to native celery extract by rApi g 1, native celery extract, and birch pollen; no inhibition by heated celery extract (EAST inhibition) c) CCD (cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants) monosensitized patients: >75% max. inhibition of IgE binding to celery extract by heated celery extract (EAST inhibition) |
Lüttkopf et al. 2000 |
Celery (preservation)
preservation methods a) gamma-irradiation (total dose of 10 kGy) b) ultra high pressure (600 mPa / 20°C) c) commercially dried celery powder d) a high voltage impulse treatment |
3 sera from celery sensitive patients with different
specificity (to Api g 1, profilin or glycoproteins >30 kDa, respectively):
Little changes (slight increase or decrease) in IgE binding for all 4 methods, none of the treatments resulted in loss of IgE binding (EAST); new allergen band with 18-19 kDa detected in irradiated celery tuber (SDS-PAGE immunoblot) |
Jankiewicz et al. 1997
Vieths et al. 1997 |
Celery (Enzymic
Hydrolysis)
a) digestion with artificial gastric fluid (pepsin, cathepsin, and mucin, 2 h, 37°C) b) followed by hydrolysis with pancreatic enzymes (45 min, 37°C) |
3 sera from celery sensitive patients:
a) loss of celery bands >40kDa, strong IgE binding to hydrolyzed proteins (immunoblot) b) other proteins degraded with the exception of proteins at <20kDa and 38 kDa, strong reduction of IgE binding (immunoblot) |
Vieths et al. 1997 |
Celery Extract (Deglycosylation)
deglycosylation by periodate treatment |
Celery allergic patients:
Strong reduction of IgE binding to allergens > 30 / 35 kDa indicating carbohydrate epitopes, no difference in IgE binding to Api g 1 and Api g 4 (SDS-PAGE immunoblot, EAST inhibition) 8 from 12 sera showed IgE binding to bromelain glycopeptide (ELISA) (3) |
(1) Vieths et al. 1994
(2) Jankiewicz et al. 1996 (3) Jankiewicz et al. 1998 |
Celery Extract (Deglycosylation)
deglycosylation by periodate treatment |
Celery allergic patients: No difference in IgE binding (SDS-PAGE immunoblot) | Bauer et al. 1996 |
Reported Adverse Reactions | References |
Food / Food additives
After ingestion of vegetable and as spice (1) |
(1) see 2 Symptoms of Celery Allergy |
Canned Celery
Local and systemic allergic reactions in 1 patient after ingestion of canned celery preparation, positive SPT to raw celery and negative SPT to cooked celery |
Bauer et al. 1996 |
Food Allergen | Labelling / Regulation Status | References |
International Regulations
Celery and products of these |
not demanded / advisary status (1) | (1) Codex Alimentarius Commission 1999 |
European Regulations
Celery and celery products |
not demanded / recommendation (1) | (1) Bousquet et al. 1998 |